Which term best defines a formula or set of steps for solving a problem?

The term that best defines a formula or set of steps for solving a problem is algorithm. An algorithm is essentially a systematic approach to performing a sequence of operations or calculations to achieve a specific result or to solve a particular problem. It consists of well-defined instructions and can be applied in various fields, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering.

Algorithms are fundamental in programming, as they outline the logic needed for developing software applications. For instance, an algorithm can dictate how data should be processed, how to make decisions based on conditions, or how to iterate through a set of values.

The other terms listed—program, software, and firmware—while related to computing and problem-solving, do not specifically refer to a step-by-step method. A program is a collection of instructions executed by a computer, software encompasses a broader range of applications and programs, and firmware refers to specialized software embedded in hardware devices to control them. None of these definitions emphasize the procedural aspect that an algorithm does.