In mechanics, how is torque defined?

Torque is defined as the product of a force applied and the perpendicular distance from the pivot point (or axis of rotation) to the line of action of the force. This relationship is crucial in mechanics as it determines how effectively a force can cause an object to rotate around a pivot point.

In practical terms, when a force is applied at a distance from the pivot point, it creates a rotational effect, or torque. The further away the force is applied from the pivot (the longer the distance), the greater the torque produced for the same amount of force. This concept is fundamental in various applications, such as in levers, wrenches, and any mechanical systems where rotation happens.

The other options do not accurately represent the definition of torque. For example, torque is not related to time or area, nor is it calculated as a force divided by a distance. Understanding the correct relationship of torque contributes to a deeper comprehension of rotational dynamics and equilibrium, which are essential in analyzing mechanical systems.